Masana'antar tagulla, a matsayin babbar masana'antar waya da masana'antar kebul, ta kuma kasance tare da "matsalolin ciki da matsalolin waje" a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.A bangare guda kuma gasar takwarorinsu na kara yin zafi, sannan a daya bangaren kuma ana fuskantar barazana daga wadanda suka maye gurbinsu.
Kamar yadda muka sani, tagulla wata muhimmiyar ma'adanar tanadi ce ta kasar, bisa la'akari da yadda ake amfani da albarkatun tagulla a halin yanzu, ma'adinan tagulla da kasar Sin ta tabbatar ba za ta iya cika shekaru 5 da ake amfani da ita ba.A halin yanzu, masana'antar kebul na cikin gida tana cinye fiye da tan miliyan 5 na tagulla, fiye da 60%.Domin samun biyan bukatu da ake ci gaba da yi, a yanzu kasar na bukatar kashe makudan kudaden waje a duk shekara wajen shigo da tagulla, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 3/5 na tagulla.
A cikin ƙananan tsarin buƙatun masana'antun da ba na ƙarfe ba, wutar lantarki, gidaje, sufuri (yawancin motoci), injuna da na'urorin lantarki sune manyan sassan.Daga cikin karafa da aka raba, kusan kashi 30% na aluminium ana amfani da su wajen gina gidaje, kuma kusan kashi 23% ana amfani da su wajen sufuri (amma galibi motoci);Ana amfani da kusan 45% na jan karfe a cikin wutar lantarki da filayen USB;Ana amfani da kusan 6% na gubar a cikin kebul na sheathing;Ana kuma amfani da Zinc a gidaje, gadaje, bututu, da manyan hanyoyin tsaro da titin dogo.
Na biyu, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta fuskar masana'antar waya da kebul na cikin gida, saboda tsadar tagulla, tare da albarkatun aluminium sun fi albarkatun tagulla yawa - albarkatun bauxite na kasar Sin sun kasance a matsakaicin matsayi, tare da yankunan samar da 310. aka rarraba a larduna 19 (yankuna).Jimillar ma'adinan da aka ajiye na ton biliyan 2.27, wanda ke matsayi na bakwai a duniya - don haka, masana'antar tagulla ta yi wani tasiri.
Binciken gasar masana'antar tagulla na cikin gida
Babban yuwuwar masu shiga cikin masana'antar narkewar tagulla sune jari masu zaman kansu da kuma babban jari na waje, amma babban jari na gabaɗaya yana bin fa'idodi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma narkewar tagulla yana buƙatar babban saka hannun jari na farko da buƙatun fasaha, haɗe tare da tsauraran ƙa'idodi na jihar kan yanayin samun damar masana'antu, bakin kofa. an tashe shi, haramcin sake gina ƙananan matakai da tsawon lokacin gini da sauran hane-hane, babban jari mai zaman kansa ba zai iya shiga cikin masana'antar narkewar tagulla a babban sikeli ba.Copper albarkatun kasa ne na dabarun kasa, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tsaron kasa, jihar tana da tsauraran matakan hana shigowa da jarin waje, jarin kasashen waje ya fi maida hankali ne a masana'antar sarrafa tagulla.Saboda haka, gaba ɗaya, masu yuwuwar shiga cikin manyan kamfanonin tagulla na yanzu ba barazana bane.
A halin yanzu, masana'antun sarrafa tagulla na kasar Sin suna fuskantar dimbin kamfanoni da kananan masana'antu, a shekarar 2012, manyan masana'antu sun kai kashi 5.48%, matsakaitan masana'antu sun kai kashi 13.87%, kananan kamfanoni sun kai kashi 80.65%.Ƙarfin R&D gabaɗaya na kasuwancin bai isa ba, fa'ida mai ƙarancin farashi yana raguwa a hankali, masana'antun hakar ma'adinai na jan ƙarfe a cikin masana'antar sarrafa tagulla a cikin babban sikelin, babban matakin tallan kamfanoni da ikon samar da samfuran ƙarancin ƙarewa. da jerin matsayi na ci gaba.A cikin dogon lokaci na bunkasuwar masana'antar sarrafa tagulla ta kasar Sin, an kafa rukunin manyan kamfanoni irin su Jinlong, Jintian da Hailiang, kuma an samu wasu kamfanoni da aka jera kamar su Jiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous Metal da Jingcheng Copper.Manyan kungiyoyin masana'antu sun yi nasarar cimma hadaka da sake tsara masana'antu kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu, kuma kamfanonin hakar kayayyaki na cikin gida sun shiga cikin masana'antar sarrafa tagulla mai yawa.
Barazana da yawa ga masana'antar tagulla
Ci gaban masana'antar tagulla kuma yana fuskantar wasu haɗari.Saboda saurin karuwar bukatar tagulla da karancin albarkatun tagulla, farashin kayayyakin tagulla ya yi tsada da kuma sauyin yanayi na dogon lokaci, kuma farashin masana'antar tagulla ya kasance mai tsada, ta yadda masana'antu na ƙasa suna da kwarin gwiwa don nemo mafita.Da zarar an kafa maye gurbin kayayyakin jan karfe, sau da yawa yana da irreversibility.Kamar maye gurbin fiber na gani don wayar tagulla a cikin masana'antar sadarwa, maye gurbin aluminum don jan ƙarfe a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, da maye gurbin aluminum da jan ƙarfe a cikin filin firiji.Yayin da madadin kayan ke ci gaba da fitowa, kasuwa za ta rage yawan buƙatun tagulla.Ko da yake a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, madadin ba zai canza ƙarancin albarkatun tagulla ba, kuma aikace-aikacen samfuran tagulla zai ci gaba da haɓaka, amma a cikin dogon lokaci, jimillar buƙatar masana'antar tagulla na haifar da barazana.Alal misali, a cikin masana'antar amfani da tagulla, haɓaka fasahar "aluminum jan karfe" da kuma "matsayin jan karfe na aluminum", da kuma inganta tsarin "haske zuwa ja da baya na jan karfe" zai yi tasiri sosai akan bukatar jan karfe.
A gaskiya ma, saboda yawan farashin tagulla, ribar masana'antar kebul na ci gaba da karuwa sosai, masana'antar kebul na gida "Copper tare da aluminum", "aluminum maimakon jan karfe" ya kasance mai girma sosai.Kuma wasu kamfanonin kebul suna ɗaukar ƙasashen Yamma a matsayin misali – Dokar Shigar da Lantarki ta Amurka 2008 (NEC) Mataki na 310 “Buƙatun Waya na Gabaɗaya” ya ƙayyadad da cewa abin da ke cikin madugu shi ne jan karfe, aluminum ko aluminum (alloy) waya.A lokaci guda, babi ya ƙayyade ƙananan girman aluminum da jan karfe, aluminum (alloy) wayoyi, tsarin tsarin wayoyi, yanayin aikace-aikacen da kuma ɗaukar nauyin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban - yana tabbatar da cewa samfuran kebul na aluminum ba zai iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali ba. aiki, amma kuma shigarwa, sufuri da sauran farashi suna da ƙananan ƙananan, wanda ke da tasiri a kan masana'antar tagulla.
Ko da yake, a halin yanzu, masana'antar kebul na cikin gida ba ta iya haɓaka daidai da buƙatun kasuwa ko kuma fifikon masu amfani da samfuran kebul na "aluminum maimakon jan karfe", amma babban dalilin shi ne, a gefe guda binciken fasahar samfur da bincike da fasaha. ci gaban bai yi girma ba tukuna, ɗayan kuma shine masu amfani da kebul na cikin gida har yanzu suna cikin matakin jira da gani.Tare da ci gaba da balagaggen fasaha na "aluminum-masanyar jan karfe" da kuma ci gaba da inganta samfurori, zai yi tasiri sosai a kan masana'antar tagulla.
Bugu da kari, jihar ta kuma samar da ma'auni masu yawa don inganta ci gaban masana'antar aluminum.Misali, kebul na aluminium mai sanya tagulla na kasar Sin tun daga farkon karni na 21 ya fara bunkasa, a halin yanzu kasar Sin ta samar da ka'idojin masana'antu na waya mai sanya tagulla, sannan ka'idojin gida na kebul na aluminum mai dauke da tagulla sun yi yawa.Misali, ma'aunin masana'antar lantarki ta kasar Sin SJ/T 11223-2000 “Copper clad aluminum wire” misali don daidaitaccen amfani da ASTM B566-1993 “Copper clad aluminum wire” misali, wanda ke ƙayyade tsarin aikin buƙatun don masu sarrafa aluminum na jan ƙarfe don kayan lantarki tare da waya da kebul.Bugu da ƙari, Lardin Liaoning ya ba da ƙa'idar gida tun farkon 2008: DB21/T 1622-2008 J11218-2008 "Wayyar aluminium mai rufi da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na USB" (wanda Cibiyar Zane da Bincike ta Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas ta rubuta).A ƙarshe, a cikin 2009, yankin Xinjiang mai cin gashin kansa ya ba da ka'idoji na gida: DB65/T 3032-2009 "Rated voltage 450/750V Copper-clad aluminum composite core PVC insulated USB" da DB65/T 3033-2009 "Rated irin ƙarfin lantarki 0.6/1kV da ƙasa -clad aluminum composite core extruded insulated ikon USB".
A taƙaice, babbar masana'antar kebul na samar da albarkatun ƙasa - masana'antar tagulla na ci gaba da karɓar ƙalubale daga ciki da waje.A daya hannun kuma, rashin albarkatun tagulla na cikin gida, a daya bangaren, fasahar kebul na “aluminum ceton jan karfe” na kara saurin bincike da ci gaba, don haka, ina masana’antar sarrafa tagulla za ta dosa a nan gaba, amma kuma akwai bukatar a yi amfani da ita. tare a gwada kasuwannin sama da na ƙasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-28-2024